On the potential high acid deposition in northeastern China
Identifieur interne : 000114 ( PascalFrancis/Curation ); précédent : 000113; suivant : 000115On the potential high acid deposition in northeastern China
Auteurs : JUNJI CAO [République populaire de Chine] ; XUEXI TIE [République populaire de Chine, États-Unis] ; Walter F. Dabberdt [États-Unis] ; TANG JIE [République populaire de Chine] ; ZHUZI ZHAO [République populaire de Chine] ; ZHISHENG AN ; ZHENXING SHEN [République populaire de Chine] ; YINCHANG FENG [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres : (Print) [ 2169-897X ] ; 2013.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Acidité, Mesure in situ, Observation par satellite, Modèle chimique, Ozone, Traceur, Aérosol, PH, Zone urbaine, Précurseur, Dioxyde de soufre, Dioxyde d'azote, Pluie acide, Mitigation, Eté, Hiver, Particule fine, Echantillonnage, Tempête poussière, Poussière, Etats Unis, Chine Sud, Chine Nord, Télédétection spatiale.
- Wicri :
- topic : Ozone, Aérosol, Zone urbaine, Pluie acide, Poussière.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
[1] There is an acid deposition conundrum in China: contrary to conventional wisdom, extremely high ambient sulfate concentrations in northeastern China are not always accompanied by correspondingly high acidities. To investigate this discrepancy, data from two independent sets of in situ field measurements were analyzed along with Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite observations and Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers (MOZART) chemical transport model calculations. The field measurements included soluble aerosol ion concentrations and pH and particulate data from 11 cities, as well as pH measurement data from 74 sites in China. This study explores the basis for and the impacts of the large discrepancy in northeastern China between the major acidity precursors (SO2 and NOx) and measured acidity levels as indicated by pH values. There are extremely high SO2 emissions and ambient concentrations in northeastern China, while the corresponding acidity is unusually low (high pH) in this region. This is inconsistent with the usual situation where high-acidity precursor pollutants result in low pH (high acidity) values and acid rain conditions. In other regions, such as southern China and the United States, high SO2 concentrations are typically well correlated with high acidities. Using measured soluble particle measurements (including both positively and negatively charged ions), it is seen that there are high values of alkaline ions in northeastern China that play an important role in neutralizing acidity in this region. This result strongly suggests that the high alkaline concentrations, especially Ca +, increase warm season pH values by about 0.5 in northern China, partially explaining the inconsistency between sulfate concentrations and acidity. This has a very important implication for acid rain mitigation-especially in northeastern China. However, there are additional issues pertaining to the precursor-acidity relationship that need further investigation. Why is it that the reduction in acidity due to the alkaline ions is only significant in summer? During winter, the measured alkaline ions play a much smaller role in explaining the discrepancy. The measured alkaline ions in this study were mostly obtained from particles in the PM2.5 range. However, the size of calcium particles is typically much larger-extending well beyond 2.5 μm-and so a significant amount of calcium may be underestimated by PM2.5 measurements alone. The under-sampling of calcium particles is further exacerbated in that the sampling protocol excluded particle (and soluble ion and pH) measurements during dust storms. This all leads to the need for an improved understanding of pollutant-ion-particulate interactions in China, and their role in explaining the counter-intuitive conclusion that dust mitigation strategies in China could have the unintended consequence of exacerbating acid rain conditions.
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">[1] There is an acid deposition conundrum in China: contrary to conventional wisdom, extremely high ambient sulfate concentrations in northeastern China are not always accompanied by correspondingly high acidities. To investigate this discrepancy, data from two independent sets of in situ field measurements were analyzed along with Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite observations and Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers (MOZART) chemical transport model calculations. The field measurements included soluble aerosol ion concentrations and pH and particulate data from 11 cities, as well as pH measurement data from 74 sites in China. This study explores the basis for and the impacts of the large discrepancy in northeastern China between the major acidity precursors (SO<sub>2</sub>
and NOx) and measured acidity levels as indicated by pH values. There are extremely high SO<sub>2</sub>
emissions and ambient concentrations in northeastern China, while the corresponding acidity is unusually low (high pH) in this region. This is inconsistent with the usual situation where high-acidity precursor pollutants result in low pH (high acidity) values and acid rain conditions. In other regions, such as southern China and the United States, high SO<sub>2</sub>
concentrations are typically well correlated with high acidities. Using measured soluble particle measurements (including both positively and negatively charged ions), it is seen that there are high values of alkaline ions in northeastern China that play an important role in neutralizing acidity in this region. This result strongly suggests that the high alkaline concentrations, especially Ca <sup>+</sup>
, increase warm season pH values by about 0.5 in northern China, partially explaining the inconsistency between sulfate concentrations and acidity. This has a very important implication for acid rain mitigation-especially in northeastern China. However, there are additional issues pertaining to the precursor-acidity relationship that need further investigation. Why is it that the reduction in acidity due to the alkaline ions is only significant in summer? During winter, the measured alkaline ions play a much smaller role in explaining the discrepancy. The measured alkaline ions in this study were mostly obtained from particles in the PM<sub>2.5</sub>
range. However, the size of calcium particles is typically much larger-extending well beyond 2.5 μm-and so a significant amount of calcium may be underestimated by PM<sub>2.5</sub>
measurements alone. The under-sampling of calcium particles is further exacerbated in that the sampling protocol excluded particle (and soluble ion and pH) measurements during dust storms. This all leads to the need for an improved understanding of pollutant-ion-particulate interactions in China, and their role in explaining the counter-intuitive conclusion that dust mitigation strategies in China could have the unintended consequence of exacerbating acid rain conditions.</div>
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<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>[1] There is an acid deposition conundrum in China: contrary to conventional wisdom, extremely high ambient sulfate concentrations in northeastern China are not always accompanied by correspondingly high acidities. To investigate this discrepancy, data from two independent sets of in situ field measurements were analyzed along with Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite observations and Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers (MOZART) chemical transport model calculations. The field measurements included soluble aerosol ion concentrations and pH and particulate data from 11 cities, as well as pH measurement data from 74 sites in China. This study explores the basis for and the impacts of the large discrepancy in northeastern China between the major acidity precursors (SO<sub>2</sub>
and NOx) and measured acidity levels as indicated by pH values. There are extremely high SO<sub>2</sub>
emissions and ambient concentrations in northeastern China, while the corresponding acidity is unusually low (high pH) in this region. This is inconsistent with the usual situation where high-acidity precursor pollutants result in low pH (high acidity) values and acid rain conditions. In other regions, such as southern China and the United States, high SO<sub>2</sub>
concentrations are typically well correlated with high acidities. Using measured soluble particle measurements (including both positively and negatively charged ions), it is seen that there are high values of alkaline ions in northeastern China that play an important role in neutralizing acidity in this region. This result strongly suggests that the high alkaline concentrations, especially Ca <sup>+</sup>
, increase warm season pH values by about 0.5 in northern China, partially explaining the inconsistency between sulfate concentrations and acidity. This has a very important implication for acid rain mitigation-especially in northeastern China. However, there are additional issues pertaining to the precursor-acidity relationship that need further investigation. Why is it that the reduction in acidity due to the alkaline ions is only significant in summer? During winter, the measured alkaline ions play a much smaller role in explaining the discrepancy. The measured alkaline ions in this study were mostly obtained from particles in the PM<sub>2.5</sub>
range. However, the size of calcium particles is typically much larger-extending well beyond 2.5 μm-and so a significant amount of calcium may be underestimated by PM<sub>2.5</sub>
measurements alone. The under-sampling of calcium particles is further exacerbated in that the sampling protocol excluded particle (and soluble ion and pH) measurements during dust storms. This all leads to the need for an improved understanding of pollutant-ion-particulate interactions in China, and their role in explaining the counter-intuitive conclusion that dust mitigation strategies in China could have the unintended consequence of exacerbating acid rain conditions.</s0>
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</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Ozono</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Traceur</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>tracers</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Trazador</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Aérosol</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>aerosols</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Aerosol</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>PH</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>pH</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>pH</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Zone urbaine</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>urban areas</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Zona urbana</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Précurseur</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Precursor</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Precursor</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Dioxyde de soufre</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Sulfur dioxide</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Dióxido sulfúrico</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Dioxyde d'azote</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nitrogen dioxide</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nitrógeno dióxido</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Pluie acide</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>acid rains</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Lluvia ácida</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Mitigation</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Mitigation</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Eté</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Summer</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Verano</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Hiver</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Winter</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Invierno</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Particule fine</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Fine particle</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Partícula fina</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Echantillonnage</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>sampling</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Muestreo</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Tempête poussière</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>dust storms</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Poussière</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>dust</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Polvo</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Etats Unis</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>United States</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Estados Unidos</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="22" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Chine Sud</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>31</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="23" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Chine Nord</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>32</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="24" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Télédétection spatiale</s0>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="24" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Space remote sensing</s0>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="24" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Teledetección espacial</s0>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Amérique du Nord</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>North America</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>America del norte</s0>
</fC07>
<fN21><s1>322</s1>
</fN21>
<fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN44>
<fN82><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN82>
</pA>
</standard>
</inist>
</record>
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